Chords for Etude No. 23, Op. 38 by Napoleon Coste | Guitar Etudes with Gohar Vardanyan
Tempo:
169.05 bpm
Chords used:
A
E
F#m
F#
Em
Tuning:Standard Tuning (EADGBE)Capo:+0fret
Start Jamming...
Hi, I'm Gohar Vardanyan and this is an etude by Napoleon Coast for the Guitar Etude Series.
This etude is all about muting the bass either with your right hand thumb or by any other means
possible.
[A] [F#]
[A]
[F#] [F#m] [F#]
[E] [F#m]
[F#m] [F#]
[Bm] [A] [F#]
[F#m]
[F#] [Em]
[F#] [B] [E]
[F#m] [F#]
[Am] [B]
[Em]
[Dm]
[Am]
[F] [Dm]
[Em] [F#m]
[E] [D#] [Dm]
[A] [Am] [Em] [E]
[Dm] [E]
[Em] [E]
[Em] [E] [Am]
[F#] [Em]
[A] [F#m]
[Bm] [A]
[F#] [A] [Em]
[B] [E] [D]
[A] [F#]
[A] [F#]
[E] [A]
[E]
[A] [D] [B] [F#m]
[A] [F#m] [A]
[E] [A]
[B]
This etude requires you to mute the basses so they don't ring over each other and
sound like this.
[Bm]
[E]
Instead you're supposed to mute them on the eighth [A] note and have it sound more
articulate.
[E] [Bm] [F#m]
[N] It sounds cooler and it's more fun to have that articulation in the bass.
Now to do that
there's a number of ways.
The very first one is what I used most of the time whenever my thumb
in the right hand was available.
So I would just come back to the note that I just played and mute
it with my right hand thumb.
[A] So here I'm supposed to mute that A as the index [Em] plays.
So I just [C#] put
it on the string while I [A] pluck the index finger.
[E] Now the next one is a little more complicated
because this E needs to be muted while the [F#m] thumb is playing the fifth [A] string.
[E] And a lot of times what people do is they have the E and then as they pluck
the fifth string [F#] they mute the E [A] with the side of their thumb.
[E] [A]
[B] And that has worked for me in the past in different pieces when the bass is quieter or when I'm not
playing something really fast with the rest stroke bass.
So here it didn't really work out because I
feel like changing my hand position just to accommodate that mute.
So instead what I did was
I utilized my left [A] hand.
So as I'm playing [E] you can see that my thumb is nowhere in a position where
it could mute the sixth string and play rest stroke at the same time.
Instead I'm just playing it
[A] normal and then mute the sixth string with the second finger here.
[E]
[A] [F#m]
And all the others I just come
back and mute it because it's [Bm] not occupied.
[E]
Here I'm supposed to play this fifth string [Bm] and the
bass at the same time so I just use my third finger to do it.
[E]
Now [A] the next one,
[E] same thing
happens.
I'm supposed to play this E A [A] while muting the sixth string.
[E] And if it was slow enough
I would totally be able to do that with my left hand and not touch the fifth string.
But because
of the speed this [A] was risky because [E] I could accidentally touch the fifth string with the
pad of my finger.
So instead I decided [A] to come back with my thumb after playing the [F#] A and mute
the sixth string with my right hand but after striking the [E] A.
So [A] [E]
there is a split second where
they overlap but when a piece is fast enough you can't really tell.
So I did mute [A] the sixth string
with my thumb and then now that my thumb is on the sixth string I didn't really feel like
disturbing it and bringing it to the fifth string and [E] I muted the fifth string with my left hand
[A] [F#m]
exactly when it's supposed to be muted [E] and let it ring for the duration [E] of the eighth note.
[A]
[Bm] And then again.
[E] [Bm]
[Em] So I'm using a combination of [F#] right hand just coming back and muting the string if my thumb
is available using the left hand by lightly tapping.
Also just coming back and muting the
lower string or whichever one is located physically above with [N] my thumb after I play the next note.
You
just have to be very quick about it.
And there is other places where you're supposed to play for
example the third string [Am] and the A string that's ringing that needs to be muted.
So in this passage
[F#m] for example.
[A] I'm supposed to play the A the third string next and I'm supposed to mute at the same
time the fifth string.
So then you choreograph the left hand to work for you [F#m] again.
So in this case
even though I'm switching [A] a chord at the same time I was able to switch the chord [E] and touch
the fifth string at the same time.
[F#m]
[A]
[E]
[D#] Same thing happens here.
[Dm]
[A] [Am]
So whenever the left hand finger
is available [N] I use that and if it wasn't I would play really quickly and then come back and mute it.
I think that's really it.
You have to figure out what works for you.
Sometimes you have to slow down realize when you're supposed to mute that bass and see what
works.
A lot of times in the beginning it's tough and then you do it a couple of times and you
realize it's just a matter of getting the right feeling and the right rhythm for your fingers to
move at that time and they just automatically mute the string for you.
Of course if it's a note that
you are playing already fingered you can just let go of it and as long as you let go of it silently
it'll mute for you without any noise.
So I hope this helps you figure out a different way to mute
the strings and not only rely on the side of your thumb and I will see you next Monday with another
etude.
Thank you so much for watching.
This etude is all about muting the bass either with your right hand thumb or by any other means
possible.
[A] [F#]
[A]
[F#] [F#m] [F#]
[E] [F#m]
[F#m] [F#]
[Bm] [A] [F#]
[F#m]
[F#] [Em]
[F#] [B] [E]
[F#m] [F#]
[Am] [B]
[Em]
[Dm]
[Am]
[F] [Dm]
[Em] [F#m]
[E] [D#] [Dm]
[A] [Am] [Em] [E]
[Dm] [E]
[Em] [E]
[Em] [E] [Am]
[F#] [Em]
[A] [F#m]
[Bm] [A]
[F#] [A] [Em]
[B] [E] [D]
[A] [F#]
[A] [F#]
[E] [A]
[E]
[A] [D] [B] [F#m]
[A] [F#m] [A]
[E] [A]
[B]
This etude requires you to mute the basses so they don't ring over each other and
sound like this.
[Bm]
[E]
Instead you're supposed to mute them on the eighth [A] note and have it sound more
articulate.
[E] [Bm] [F#m]
[N] It sounds cooler and it's more fun to have that articulation in the bass.
Now to do that
there's a number of ways.
The very first one is what I used most of the time whenever my thumb
in the right hand was available.
So I would just come back to the note that I just played and mute
it with my right hand thumb.
[A] So here I'm supposed to mute that A as the index [Em] plays.
So I just [C#] put
it on the string while I [A] pluck the index finger.
[E] Now the next one is a little more complicated
because this E needs to be muted while the [F#m] thumb is playing the fifth [A] string.
[E] And a lot of times what people do is they have the E and then as they pluck
the fifth string [F#] they mute the E [A] with the side of their thumb.
[E] [A]
[B] And that has worked for me in the past in different pieces when the bass is quieter or when I'm not
playing something really fast with the rest stroke bass.
So here it didn't really work out because I
feel like changing my hand position just to accommodate that mute.
So instead what I did was
I utilized my left [A] hand.
So as I'm playing [E] you can see that my thumb is nowhere in a position where
it could mute the sixth string and play rest stroke at the same time.
Instead I'm just playing it
[A] normal and then mute the sixth string with the second finger here.
[E]
[A] [F#m]
And all the others I just come
back and mute it because it's [Bm] not occupied.
[E]
Here I'm supposed to play this fifth string [Bm] and the
bass at the same time so I just use my third finger to do it.
[E]
Now [A] the next one,
[E] same thing
happens.
I'm supposed to play this E A [A] while muting the sixth string.
[E] And if it was slow enough
I would totally be able to do that with my left hand and not touch the fifth string.
But because
of the speed this [A] was risky because [E] I could accidentally touch the fifth string with the
pad of my finger.
So instead I decided [A] to come back with my thumb after playing the [F#] A and mute
the sixth string with my right hand but after striking the [E] A.
So [A] [E]
there is a split second where
they overlap but when a piece is fast enough you can't really tell.
So I did mute [A] the sixth string
with my thumb and then now that my thumb is on the sixth string I didn't really feel like
disturbing it and bringing it to the fifth string and [E] I muted the fifth string with my left hand
[A] [F#m]
exactly when it's supposed to be muted [E] and let it ring for the duration [E] of the eighth note.
[A]
[Bm] And then again.
[E] [Bm]
[Em] So I'm using a combination of [F#] right hand just coming back and muting the string if my thumb
is available using the left hand by lightly tapping.
Also just coming back and muting the
lower string or whichever one is located physically above with [N] my thumb after I play the next note.
You
just have to be very quick about it.
And there is other places where you're supposed to play for
example the third string [Am] and the A string that's ringing that needs to be muted.
So in this passage
[F#m] for example.
[A] I'm supposed to play the A the third string next and I'm supposed to mute at the same
time the fifth string.
So then you choreograph the left hand to work for you [F#m] again.
So in this case
even though I'm switching [A] a chord at the same time I was able to switch the chord [E] and touch
the fifth string at the same time.
[F#m]
[A]
[E]
[D#] Same thing happens here.
[Dm]
[A] [Am]
So whenever the left hand finger
is available [N] I use that and if it wasn't I would play really quickly and then come back and mute it.
I think that's really it.
You have to figure out what works for you.
Sometimes you have to slow down realize when you're supposed to mute that bass and see what
works.
A lot of times in the beginning it's tough and then you do it a couple of times and you
realize it's just a matter of getting the right feeling and the right rhythm for your fingers to
move at that time and they just automatically mute the string for you.
Of course if it's a note that
you are playing already fingered you can just let go of it and as long as you let go of it silently
it'll mute for you without any noise.
So I hope this helps you figure out a different way to mute
the strings and not only rely on the side of your thumb and I will see you next Monday with another
etude.
Thank you so much for watching.
Key:
A
E
F#m
F#
Em
A
E
F#m
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ Hi, I'm Gohar Vardanyan and this is an etude by Napoleon Coast for the Guitar Etude Series.
_ This etude is all about muting the bass either with your right hand thumb or by any other means
possible. _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ [F#] _ _
_ _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
[F#] _ _ _ _ [F#m] _ _ _ [F#] _
_ _ _ _ [E] _ _ [F#m] _ _
_ _ _ [F#m] _ _ [F#] _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [Bm] _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ [F#] _
_ _ _ _ [F#m] _ _ _ _
_ [F#] _ _ _ _ _ _ [Em] _
[F#] _ _ _ [B] _ _ [E] _ _ _
_ [F#m] _ _ _ _ _ _ [F#] _
_ _ [Am] _ _ _ _ _ [B] _
_ _ _ _ [Em] _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ [Dm] _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [Am] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ [F] _ _ _ _ _ [Dm] _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [Em] _ _ _ _ _ [F#m] _ _
_ [E] _ _ [D#] _ _ [Dm] _ _ _
[A] _ _ [Am] _ _ _ [Em] _ _ [E] _
_ _ _ _ [Dm] _ _ [E] _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [Em] _ _ [E] _ _ _
[Em] _ _ _ [E] _ _ _ _ [Am] _
_ _ [F#] _ _ _ [Em] _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ _ [F#m] _
_ [Bm] _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
[F#] _ _ _ _ _ [A] _ _ [Em] _
_ _ [B] _ _ _ [E] _ _ [D] _
_ _ _ [A] _ [F#] _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ [F#] _ _
_ [E] _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
_ [E] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ [D] _ _ [B] _ _ [F#m] _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ [F#m] _ [A] _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [E] _ _ [A] _ _ _
_ _ [B] _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ This etude requires you to mute the basses so they don't ring over each other and
sound like this.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ [Bm] _
_ [E] _ _ _ _ _ _
Instead you're supposed to mute them on the eighth [A] note and have it sound more
articulate. _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [E] _ _ [Bm] _ _ [F#m] _
_ _ [N] It sounds cooler and it's more fun to have that articulation in the bass.
Now to do that
there's a number of ways.
The very first one is what I used most of the time whenever my thumb
in the right hand was available.
So I would just come back to the note that I just played and mute
it with my right hand thumb.
[A] So here I'm supposed to mute that A _ _ as the index [Em] plays.
So I just [C#] put
it on the string while I [A] pluck the index finger. _ _
_ _ [E] _ Now the next one is a little more complicated
because this E needs to be muted while the [F#m] thumb is playing the fifth [A] string. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[E] _ _ _ _ And a lot of times what people do is they have the E and then as they pluck
the fifth string [F#] they mute the E [A] with the side of their thumb.
[E] _ _ _ [A] _ _ _
_ _ [B] And that has worked for me in the past in different pieces _ when the bass is quieter _ or when I'm not
playing something really fast with the rest stroke bass.
So here it didn't really work out because I
feel like changing my hand position just to accommodate that mute.
So instead what I did was
I utilized my left [A] hand.
_ So as I'm playing _ _ [E] _ _ _ you can see that my thumb is nowhere in a position where
it could mute the sixth string and play rest stroke at the same time.
Instead I'm just playing it
[A] normal _ and then mute the sixth string with the second finger here.
_ _ [E] _
_ _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ [F#m]
And all the others I just come
back and mute it because it's [Bm] not occupied.
_ _ _ [E] _ _ _
Here I'm supposed to play this fifth string [Bm] and the
bass at the same time so I just use my third finger to do it.
[E] _
_ _ Now [A] the next one, _
_ _ [E] same thing
happens.
I'm supposed to play this E A _ [A] while muting the sixth string.
[E] And if it was slow enough
I would totally be able to do that with my left hand and not touch the fifth string.
But because
of the speed _ _ this [A] was risky because [E] I could accidentally touch the fifth string with the
pad of my finger.
So instead _ I decided [A] to come back with my thumb after playing the [F#] A and mute
the sixth string with my right hand but after striking the [E] A.
So _ _ _ [A] _ _ [E] _
_ _ _ there is a split second where
they overlap but when a piece is fast enough you can't really tell.
So I did _ _ mute [A] the sixth string
with my thumb and then now that my thumb is on the sixth string I didn't really feel like
disturbing it and bringing it to the fifth string and [E] I muted the fifth string with my left hand
_ _ _ [A] _ _ [F#m] _ _
exactly when it's supposed to be muted _ [E] and let it ring for the duration [E] of the eighth note. _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[Bm] And then again.
[E] _ _ _ [Bm] _ _
_ [Em] _ So I'm using a combination of [F#] right hand just coming back and muting the string if my thumb
is available _ using the left hand by lightly tapping.
_ Also just coming back and muting the
lower string or whichever one is located physically above with [N] my thumb after I play the next note.
You
just have to be very quick about it.
And there is other places where you're supposed to play for
example the third string [Am] and the A string that's ringing that needs to be muted.
So in this passage
[F#m] for example. _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ I'm supposed to play the A the third string next and I'm supposed to mute at the same
time the fifth string.
So then you choreograph the left hand to work for you [F#m] again.
So in this case
_ even though I'm switching [A] a chord at the same time _ I was able to switch the chord [E] and touch
the fifth string at the same time.
_ _ _ [F#m] _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
_ [E] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[D#] _ _ _ _ Same thing happens here.
[Dm] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ _ [Am] _
_ _ _ _ _ So whenever the left hand finger
is available [N] I use that and if it wasn't I would play really quickly and then come back and mute it.
_ _ I think that's really it.
You have to figure out what works for you.
Sometimes you have to slow down realize when you're supposed to mute that bass _ and see what
works.
A lot of times in the beginning it's tough and then you do it a couple of times and you
realize it's just a matter of getting the right feeling and the right rhythm for your fingers to
move at that time and they just automatically mute the string for you.
Of course if it's a note that
you are playing already fingered you can just let go of it and as long as you let go of it silently
it'll mute for you without any noise.
_ So I hope this helps you figure out a different way to mute
the strings and not only rely on the side of your thumb _ and I will see you next Monday with another
etude.
Thank you so much for watching. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ Hi, I'm Gohar Vardanyan and this is an etude by Napoleon Coast for the Guitar Etude Series.
_ This etude is all about muting the bass either with your right hand thumb or by any other means
possible. _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ [F#] _ _
_ _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
[F#] _ _ _ _ [F#m] _ _ _ [F#] _
_ _ _ _ [E] _ _ [F#m] _ _
_ _ _ [F#m] _ _ [F#] _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [Bm] _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ [F#] _
_ _ _ _ [F#m] _ _ _ _
_ [F#] _ _ _ _ _ _ [Em] _
[F#] _ _ _ [B] _ _ [E] _ _ _
_ [F#m] _ _ _ _ _ _ [F#] _
_ _ [Am] _ _ _ _ _ [B] _
_ _ _ _ [Em] _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ [Dm] _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [Am] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ [F] _ _ _ _ _ [Dm] _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [Em] _ _ _ _ _ [F#m] _ _
_ [E] _ _ [D#] _ _ [Dm] _ _ _
[A] _ _ [Am] _ _ _ [Em] _ _ [E] _
_ _ _ _ [Dm] _ _ [E] _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [Em] _ _ [E] _ _ _
[Em] _ _ _ [E] _ _ _ _ [Am] _
_ _ [F#] _ _ _ [Em] _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ _ [F#m] _
_ [Bm] _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
[F#] _ _ _ _ _ [A] _ _ [Em] _
_ _ [B] _ _ _ [E] _ _ [D] _
_ _ _ [A] _ [F#] _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ [F#] _ _
_ [E] _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
_ [E] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ [D] _ _ [B] _ _ [F#m] _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ [F#m] _ [A] _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [E] _ _ [A] _ _ _
_ _ [B] _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ This etude requires you to mute the basses so they don't ring over each other and
sound like this.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ [Bm] _
_ [E] _ _ _ _ _ _
Instead you're supposed to mute them on the eighth [A] note and have it sound more
articulate. _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [E] _ _ [Bm] _ _ [F#m] _
_ _ [N] It sounds cooler and it's more fun to have that articulation in the bass.
Now to do that
there's a number of ways.
The very first one is what I used most of the time whenever my thumb
in the right hand was available.
So I would just come back to the note that I just played and mute
it with my right hand thumb.
[A] So here I'm supposed to mute that A _ _ as the index [Em] plays.
So I just [C#] put
it on the string while I [A] pluck the index finger. _ _
_ _ [E] _ Now the next one is a little more complicated
because this E needs to be muted while the [F#m] thumb is playing the fifth [A] string. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[E] _ _ _ _ And a lot of times what people do is they have the E and then as they pluck
the fifth string [F#] they mute the E [A] with the side of their thumb.
[E] _ _ _ [A] _ _ _
_ _ [B] And that has worked for me in the past in different pieces _ when the bass is quieter _ or when I'm not
playing something really fast with the rest stroke bass.
So here it didn't really work out because I
feel like changing my hand position just to accommodate that mute.
So instead what I did was
I utilized my left [A] hand.
_ So as I'm playing _ _ [E] _ _ _ you can see that my thumb is nowhere in a position where
it could mute the sixth string and play rest stroke at the same time.
Instead I'm just playing it
[A] normal _ and then mute the sixth string with the second finger here.
_ _ [E] _
_ _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ [F#m]
And all the others I just come
back and mute it because it's [Bm] not occupied.
_ _ _ [E] _ _ _
Here I'm supposed to play this fifth string [Bm] and the
bass at the same time so I just use my third finger to do it.
[E] _
_ _ Now [A] the next one, _
_ _ [E] same thing
happens.
I'm supposed to play this E A _ [A] while muting the sixth string.
[E] And if it was slow enough
I would totally be able to do that with my left hand and not touch the fifth string.
But because
of the speed _ _ this [A] was risky because [E] I could accidentally touch the fifth string with the
pad of my finger.
So instead _ I decided [A] to come back with my thumb after playing the [F#] A and mute
the sixth string with my right hand but after striking the [E] A.
So _ _ _ [A] _ _ [E] _
_ _ _ there is a split second where
they overlap but when a piece is fast enough you can't really tell.
So I did _ _ mute [A] the sixth string
with my thumb and then now that my thumb is on the sixth string I didn't really feel like
disturbing it and bringing it to the fifth string and [E] I muted the fifth string with my left hand
_ _ _ [A] _ _ [F#m] _ _
exactly when it's supposed to be muted _ [E] and let it ring for the duration [E] of the eighth note. _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[Bm] And then again.
[E] _ _ _ [Bm] _ _
_ [Em] _ So I'm using a combination of [F#] right hand just coming back and muting the string if my thumb
is available _ using the left hand by lightly tapping.
_ Also just coming back and muting the
lower string or whichever one is located physically above with [N] my thumb after I play the next note.
You
just have to be very quick about it.
And there is other places where you're supposed to play for
example the third string [Am] and the A string that's ringing that needs to be muted.
So in this passage
[F#m] for example. _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ I'm supposed to play the A the third string next and I'm supposed to mute at the same
time the fifth string.
So then you choreograph the left hand to work for you [F#m] again.
So in this case
_ even though I'm switching [A] a chord at the same time _ I was able to switch the chord [E] and touch
the fifth string at the same time.
_ _ _ [F#m] _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ [A] _ _ _ _ _
_ [E] _ _ _ _ _ _ _
[D#] _ _ _ _ Same thing happens here.
[Dm] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ [A] _ _ _ _ _ _ [Am] _
_ _ _ _ _ So whenever the left hand finger
is available [N] I use that and if it wasn't I would play really quickly and then come back and mute it.
_ _ I think that's really it.
You have to figure out what works for you.
Sometimes you have to slow down realize when you're supposed to mute that bass _ and see what
works.
A lot of times in the beginning it's tough and then you do it a couple of times and you
realize it's just a matter of getting the right feeling and the right rhythm for your fingers to
move at that time and they just automatically mute the string for you.
Of course if it's a note that
you are playing already fingered you can just let go of it and as long as you let go of it silently
it'll mute for you without any noise.
_ So I hope this helps you figure out a different way to mute
the strings and not only rely on the side of your thumb _ and I will see you next Monday with another
etude.
Thank you so much for watching. _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _